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| Development of Architectural Planning of Pharos Castle, Alexandria |
Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish
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Abstract:
Egyptian castles along the coast of the Nile Delta on the Mediterranean up to the fortress of Pharos in the northwestern corner of the Delta, dating back to the reign of Merneptah and Ramses III, with the study of the architectural planning of these fortresses that lighthouse Alexandria was founded on it.
The Ribat of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakil on the island of Pharos, which is founded on the foundations of the Egyptian castle. Ribat of Alexandria (Pharos) and Ribat of Rosetta (Boulbitine) which takes similar architectural planning.
The works that took place in Rabat Al-Mutawakil in the Mamluk period, beginning with the work of Zaher Baybars, who repaired the castles in the Levant and Rosetta, Nasir Muhammad and Al-Ashraf Barsbay. The modifications to the work of Sultan Qaitbay were in accordance with the use of the cannons.
The study follows the descriptive approach through the architectural development of the castle in the light of field study and historical sources. The analytical and comparative method is also followed to achieve the objective of the study. This is a re-correction of the history of this fortress, which dates back to Merneptah, Al-Mutawakil, Al-Zaher Baybars and Qaytibay in the Islamic era.
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