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| Analytical Modelling, Simulation and Implementation of Solar Tracker |
A. A. M. Hassan, Adel A. Elbaset, A. T. Hasouna, Amr Emad
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Abstract:
Abstract - The aim of this work is to develop a microcontroll er-based solar tracking system and assess the value of using single and dual-axis solar trackers as means for improving the performance of photovoltaic generation systems. Two experimental test setups were designed, implemented and used to collect the evaluation results at a site that is located at 28° N latitude, 31° E longitude. One of the test setups included a monocrystalline photovoltaic (PV) panel that is fixed at a reference inclination angle of 28° with respect to the horizon, and facing due south. Whereas, the other experimental setup included an identical photovoltaic panel that is equipped with a solar tracking system, which enables it to continuously follow the sun trajectories. The solar tracking syst em has been designed and developed using a set of light dependent
resistors (LDR) serving as solar radiation intensity sensors and an Arduino microcontroller (RB-Ard-11) on which the tracking algorithm was programmed. An analytical model to characterize PV cells is presented based on explicit methods, allow the current and the voltage at key operational points, (i.e., in particular at the maximum power point) to be calculated using the single-diode model as a function of cell temperature, irradiance and common manufacturers data. A theoretical analysis has been presented for the modelling of thermal and electrical processes of the solar cell. Energy balance equations have been developed for the various components of the system. Based on the developed analysis, both thermal and electrical performance of the system as a function of system design parameters are presented and discussed. Various performance parameters are calculated for conventional photovoltaic cell for given sets of operating conditions the theoretical and experimental mean photovoltaic cell temperatures can be obtained. Comparisons are made between the experimental and theoretical results under the same operating conditions and close agreement between these two values are obtained. This study showed that the net power produced by the photovoltaic panel increased by about 23.15% and 29% when equipped with single-axis and dual-axis solar tracker, respectively, as compared to the reference case of a fixed mount panel. An analytical model is used to characterize PV cells. The used expressions, based on explicit methods, allow the current and the voltage at key operational points, (i.e., in particular at the maximum power point) to be calculated using the single-diode model as a function of cell temperature, irradiance and common manufacturers data.
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