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| Variability of Bean Common Mosaic Disease on Common Bean Cultivars at Different Growth Stages in Western Kenya |
L W Murere, B Mukoye and H K Were
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Abstract:
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is the main legume crop grown in Kenya, by small scale farmers. Its grains are very vital in human nutrition and source of income for peasant farmers. The yield is approximately 530 kg/ha which is against yield genetically potential of 1400 - 2000 Kg ha-1 attributed to pests, diseases and abiotic factors. Among diseases, viral diseases are major yield reduction factor in bean production. These include Bean Common Mosaic Disease (BCMD), caused by Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). These are the widest spread viruses with disease incidence upto 100% and yield loss of 35% to 98%. These viruses infect common bean in all stages of growth and growing seasons. The objective was to evaluate variability of Bean common mosaic disease incidence and severity on Phaseolus vulgaris at different growth stages in two agro ecological zones (LM1, LM2) of western Kenya. variation of BCMD on common bean at different growth stages, trials were carried out in Bujumba, Alupe and Madola of Busia county on farms randomly selected. Trials were laid on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for bean cultivars; Rosecoco, KATX56 and KK8, randomly replicated three times on each farm. BCMD incidence and severity were observed and recorded. Incidence and severity were observed and recorded at vegetative and flowering stages of growth. The results showed that BCMD mean incidence was high at flowering stage (39.236%) with severity mean of (1.249) than mean incidence of vegetative stage (17.13%) with severity mean of (0.696). During flowering stage, P. vulgaris cultivars use more of nutrients and calories both for growth and reproduction rather than on disease defense, thus become more susceptible to disease infection than in vegetative stage. Stakeholders to enhance BCMD management at flowering stage by controlling aphids to reduce transmission of BCMV and BCMNV in beans. Also more study be done to evaluate dynamics and activities of aphids in two growth stages of bean cultivars.
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