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| Influence of Cavities and Gypsum Soils on Hydraulic Structures: Review |
Rafi M. Qasim, Muna A. Hameed, Ihsan A. Abdulhussein
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Abstract:
Hydraulic structures are a feasible structure used to store, distribute and manage the quantity of water. Generally hydraulic structure is a massive build rested or supported by soil so the soil that has direct contact with structure. The soil may be homogenous or non-homogenous, isotropic or non-isotropic and therefore the hydraulic structure has direct linkage with water and soil so the flow through porous media must be considered in the design calculation to give satisfactory results in the stability of this structure during working life. Overall the presence of cavities will be associated on the evaluation of seepage under this structure, uplift pressure and exit hydraulic gradient. Also when this structure is supported by soil with a high quantity of gypsum it will suffer from problems especially regarding the stability of this structure. Gypsum soil is more sensitive to the water and this will reflect on coefficient of permeability of the soil, soil compressibility and soil volume change and these factors will be reflected on soil behavior which is shared with the stability of these hydraulic structures. Sometime hydraulic structures resting on soil contain cavities and this soil is described as gypsum soil therefore the structure undergo resist instability due to pass of water into cavities of gypsum soil therefore many problem appears like crack in structure, soil settlement, variation in seepage quantity under structure and contrast in uplift pressure and exit hydraulic gradient as compared with normal situation
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