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| Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Goats in Abeche Area, Ouaddai State, Chad |
O.H. Adam , A. A. Mohammed and A. E. Bashar
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Abstract:
Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of goats remain one of the main constraints to goat production in Chad as they cause economic losses through lowered fertility, low weight gain, low milk production, treatment and control measure costs, involuntary culling, and mortality in heavily parasitized animals. An epidemiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence, distribution and intensity of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of goats and the effect of seasonal and climatic factors as disease determinants in Abeche area in Ouaddai State, Chad, from March 2015 to February 2016. Examination of 1121 (838 male and 283female) pre-slaughtered goats faecal samples and 34(26 males and 8 females) gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of slaughtered goats of different ages were randomly collected from Abeche abattoir and tested for the presence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in different seasons. The effect of animal sex, seasonal and climatic factors on the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal helminth parasites infections were determined. Faecal examination for GIT parasites eggs, revealed an overall prevalence of (53.9%),while females showed slightly higher prevalence (55.1%) than males (53.5%), with overall mean total faecal egg count (TFEC ±SE) of 561.52±42.14. Female showed slightly higher overall mean (±SE) of TFEC (562.90±80.85) compared to male (561.05±49.34) goats. The seasonal overall prevalence of GIT helminth parasites based on faecal egg detection was observed to be highest (72.3%) in hot wet and lowest in hot dry (45.9%) seasons. Twenty eight (82.35%) of examined goats were found infected with adult gastrointestinal helminth parasites. Rainfall, relative humidity and temperature are the main climatic factors associated positively with the seasonality and distribution of gastrointestinal helminth parasites. The species of (GIT) helminth parasites observed during this study were Haemonchus contortus, Oestertagia oestertagia, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Strongyloides papillosis, Nematodirus spathinger, Bonustomum trigonocephalum, Trihuris ovis, Oesophaostomum columbianum, Dicrocoelium dendreticum, Paramphistomum cervi and Moniezia expansa. The study concluded that nematodes, trematodes and cestodes were prevalent in the area with high prevalence in hot wet season, which necessitates deworming programme during the rainy season.
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