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| Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mixture of Gnetum Africanum and Heinsia Crinita Leaf Extracts |
Orlando Ketebu, Enai Ebikapadei Gede
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Abstract:
Silver nanoparticles are known for their high sensitivity, antimicrobial activities, catalysis and microelectronics applications. These applications have made silver nanoparticles synthesis very important research area. Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized through chemical, physical and biological methods. The biological technique also referred to as the green method, is the most economical, easy, ecofriendly and less time consuming approach in synthesizing the nanoparticles. This work looks at the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using mixture of Gnetum Africanum (okazi) and Heinsia Crinita (atama) leaves extract as reducing agent for silver nitrate solution. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). The experimental result showed that volume ratio of 2:1 of Gnetum Africanum to Heinsia Crinita leave extracts reacting with 0.01M silver nitrate (AgNO3) formed less aggregated nanocrystalline silver nanoparticles with standard peaks corresponding to the miller indices of 110, 122, 111, 200, 231, 142, 241, 220 and 311 at 2? values of 27.98°, 32.42°, 38.16°, 44.44°, 46.40°, 54.82°, 57.52°, 64.38° and 77.08° with face centered cubic structure and average nanoparticle size of 8 nm.. The SEM image shows tiny white silver nanoparticles on the slide, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using only Gnetum Africanum leaves extract had face centered cubic structure with slight shift in 2? values for miller indices 200, 142 and 311 from XRD analysis. This might be due to bio-organic or metallo-proteins present in the supernatant that also aid stabilization of the nanoparticles. The average nanoparticles size for silver nanoparticles synthesized using Gnetum Africanum leaves extract is 9 nm. The SEM images showed tiny scattered white particles confirming the formation of silver nanoparticles using Gnetum Africanum with less aggregation. Heinsia Crinita leaf extract on the other hand gave similar peaks with Gnetum Africanum extracts with average nanoparticles size of 6 nm. The SEM image showed that the particles aggregated due to poor stabilizing effect of Heinsia Crinita leaf extract. Similar result was obtained for volume ratio of 2:1 Heinsia Crinita to Gnetum Africanum leaf extracts used in synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The results showed that volume ratio of 2:1 of Gnetum Africanum to Heinsia Crinita leaves extract is best for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles when mixture of Gnetum Africanum and Heinsia Crinita leaves are used. The result also showed that Heinsia Crinita leaves is a poor reducing agent for the formation of silver nanoparticles with silver nitrate salt..
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