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| Incidence of Acute Childhood Leukaemia in Gezira State - Sudan. Population-Based Study |
N.elhaj.Yousif Abdel Hameed Mohammed.Sara Abdelmonem Saliheen. Huda Mohamed Haroun. Mohammed abdelwahed, Azhari Mohammed Tyara, Aliya Elamin Albedawai' and Adam Dawoud
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Abstract:
Background: Leukaemia is the greatest mutual basis of pediatrics malignancy. It constituted 31% of entire cases and dispersed annually at a rate of 43cases /millions of children who are being below 15 years. Objective: To determine the incidence rate of childhood acute leukaemia in Gezira state, Sudan. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective population-based study was conducted during (2005-2014) in central Sudan (Gezira state). All participants were aging (0-15 years) and diagnosed with acute leukaemia. Data was gotten from the database of the statistical subdivision element at the national cancer institute, University of the Gezira, Sudan. The statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS packages besides applying some descriptive statistical measures. Results: The study, bared that 137 children were diagnosed with acute leukaemias in Gezira state with an incidence rate of 9.4/million during the study period. The males were instituted 76(55.5%) and females 61(44.5%) with a ratio of around 1.25 for all diverse leukaemias types. A percent of 58(42%) was registered for Myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with an incidence rate of 3.94/million and 79(58%) for Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a rate of 5.70/million correspondingly. Almost 56(74%) of the males harbor ALL and 20 (26%) AML types. While females initiate 23(38%) ALL and recruit 38(62%) AML. The incidence rate of ALL was found to be 6.66/ million in males and 4.76/million in females. Whereas, the incidence rate of AML was 2.4/million for males and 5.48/million in females respectively. Conclusion and Recommendations: The existing study exposed that, acute childhood leukaemias is the most prevalent type of childhood cancer in Gezira state. Whereas, the ALL type is the most recurrent type of childhood leukemia in Gezira state. The study originating that males are found to be the most affected patients by acute leukemia than females. The communal age of presentation is differed rendering to the types of leukemia and the gender as well. Further studies should be recommended to map the ALL, AML and CML target pouches to better understanding the causes of the extraordinary invasion rate of the cancer type among children in the state and the neighboring districts. Additional studies should be focused on the germline predisposition for restoring fast recognition as an essential peril factor causal to the growth of childhood ALL. Furthermore, the contest has currently lain in what way ultimate to capitalize on germline of genetic evidences for developing ALL treatment approaches, diagnosis, and possibly flush restriction as well. Finally, effective collaborations between environmental geochemists and cancer epidemiologists are critically needed.
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