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| Biological Production of Diesel from Groundnut Seeds |
Adekanmi, A.A., , ,OlasupoA. D., Adegboye, M. A., Lawal, K.A. and Adekanmi, S. A.
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Abstract:
Environmental pollution, health problems, non-renewability, depletion in supply and hike in price are array of problems linked to continuous reliance on petroleum fossil diesel as energy sources. In order to improve on quality of diesel produced, focus should be shifted to starting material from biological sources. Energy generation from biodiesel is renewable, less toxic, low emission and environmental friendly. This work is aimed at transesterified oil extracted from groundnut seeds into biodiesel. The groundnut seeds were sun-dried for two days and grind into fine particles with grinding machine. The oil was extracted from groundnut seeds by solvent extraction methods. The extracted oil was transesterified to biodiesel using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The biodiesel extracted from the groundnut seeds oil had ten fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid: 31.60%, Palmitoleic acid: 5.10%, Stearic acid: 19.30%, Oleic acid: 24.50%, Linoleic acid: 6.90%, Linolenic acid: 6.80, Arachidic acid: 1.3%, Gondoic acid: 1.4%, Behenic acid: 1.5%, Linoceric acid: 1.60%. The highest carbon carbon chain C16 - C18 of 94.2% was recorded in groundnut seeds diesel while percentage composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biodiesel extracted from lipids are 55.30%, 31.00% and 13.70%. The results of physicochemical parameters are Specific gravity: 0.8800; kinematic viscosity: 2.00; flash point: 136; cloud point:-7; pour point:-7; volatile matter: 99.50; refractive index: 1.45; heat of combustion: 36.978; density: 0.8800; Ash content: 0.02; Acid value: 0.3; saponification value: 225; Peroxide: 1.6; iodine values: 45.60; free fatty acids: 1.21; cetane number:75; Oxidative stability: 6.88; long chain saturated factor: 26.00 Cold filter plugging point: 68.22; degree of unsaturation : 65.5; higher heating :42.20 water content: 0.08. Groundnut seeds are ideal and promising alternative starting materials for the production of quality and environmental friendly diesel fuel. The biodiesel produced was in conformity with acceptable standard by regulatory authority.
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