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| Prevalence of Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Wad Madani, Gezira state, Central Sudan |
Mohammed Abd Elwahed; Ahmed El Tahir; Adil Mergani; Moawia El balal Mohammed; Mohamed Alamin; Omer O.A.; Azhari Mohammed Tyara; Alaa A.M. Hamid ; Aya A.M.H. Hassan; Gasmelseed N. and Nasr Eldin. M. A. Elwali
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Abstract:
Background: Malaria drug resistance to Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (fansidar) resistance had increased all over the world threatens millions of exists. Polymerase Chain Reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods were used as a tool for monitoring Plasmodium falciparum insider resistance strain in Wad Madani central Sudan. Materials and Method: This study was carried in Marengan clinical center at Wad Medani. One hundred, and seventy-six (176) febrile patients were screened. Forty-four patients (25%) were studied to identify Dihydropteroate synthetase gene (DHPS) 540 and Dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR) 108, 59, 51 polymorphisms by DNA spotted on filter paper (day 0) analysis for aforementioned polymorphism by (PCR-RFLP) methods. Results: The results of dhfr gene codons 108, 59, and 51 (n= 44) showed that 14/44 (31.8%) were dhfr 108 mutant and 24/44 (54.5%) were wild types, 3/44 (6.8%) were found as a mixed infection. One sample 1/44 (2.2 %) was dhfr 59 mutant and 31/44 (70.4. %) were wild type, while in codon 51 only 2/44 (4.5%) were dhfr 51 mutant and 28/44 (63.6%) were wild type, 3/44 (6.8%) were found as a mixed infection. Screening of dhps 540 gene we found 2/44 (4.5%) were mixed infection and 42/44 (95.5%) were wild type. Conclusions: In conclusion, the mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes are less abundant, but most likely increasing and thus fansidar resistance may rapidly increase. However, the current studies still indicate the effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (S/P) as chemotherapy, in comparison to the chloroquine which has been confirmed extremely resistance
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