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| Production of Biodiesel from Soybean Seeds |
Adekanmi, Abideen Adeyinka, Cole, Alice Temitope, Lawal, Ibraheem Kehinde, Esho, Ezekiel Olubayode and Lawal, Kola Ahmad
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Abstract:
In order to control carbon dioxide emissions from transportation system, introduction of biofuels has been proposed and used for both gasoline and diesel (methyl ester from vegetable oils). This research aimed at producing biodiesel from oil extracted from Soybean seeds. The soybean seeds were sun-dried for two days and grind into fine particles with grinding machine. The oil was extracted from grinded soybean seeds by solvent extraction methods. The extracted oil was transesterified to biodiesel using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The biodiesel extracted from the soy bean oil had seven fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid: 30.80%, Palmitoleic acid: 6.40%, Stearic acid: 17.60%, Oleic acid: 22.50%, Linoleic acid: 15.30%, Arachidic acid: 4.4% and Behenic acid: 3.0% .The highest carbon carbon chain C16 - C18 of 92.6% was recorded in Soy bean seed diesel while percentage composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biodiesel extracted from lipids are 55.80%, 28.90% and 15.30%. The results of physicochemical parameters are Specific gravity: 0.8720; kinematic viscosity: 2.31; flash point: 135; cloud point:-6; pour point:-4; volatile matter: 99.10; refractive index: 1.42; heat of combustion: 36.88; density: 0.8720; Ash content:0.02; Acid value: 0.35; saponification value: 225; Peroxide: 2.9; iodine values:45.33; free fatty acids:1.19; cetane number:72; Oxidative stability :6.85; long chain saturated factor: 26.55 Cold filter plugging point:68.99; degree of unsaturation :65.31; higher heating :43.22 water content: 0.02. Soybean is a promising candidate and alternative source for the production of diesel fuel. The produced biodiesel conform with the acceptable global standard
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