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| Lipid Extraction and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fames) Production from Coconut |
Adekanmi Abideen Adeyinka, Orimogunje Samuel Akin, Agbesanya Oluwadare, Esho, Ezekiel Olubayode and Oyero Gbenga .Micheal
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Abstract:
Biodiesel fits in as an ideal replacement as they are produced from non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable resources providing clean and environmentally friendly energy sources. This study is aimed at extracting oil from coconut, trans-esterifying the oil to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and characterization of the diesel produced. The coconuts were de-husked and the shell split open in order to remove the kernel (flesh). The kernel was grinded into fine particles with a blender and sun-dried for 7 days. The oil extraction was determined by solvent extraction methods. Trans esterification of coconut oil to biodiesel was performed using Sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Physicochemical properties of biodiesel were determined using predictive models based on fatty acid composition and American Society for Testing for Materials (ASTM) protocols. Data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The fatty acid content of biodiesel had 49.00% saturated, 29.90% monounsaturated and 21.10% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid content of biodiesel had 45.10% saturated, 31.90% monounsaturated and 23.00% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The physicochemical properties of the methyl ester produced were : Colour (Colorless), specific gravity (0.8600), kinematic viscosity (1.83 mm2/s at 40oC), flash point (98oC), cloud point (-5oC), pour point (-9oC), refractive index (1.44), heat of combustion (36.98MJ/kg), density (0.8600 g/cm3), ash content (0.02%) , acid value (0.20mgKOH/g), saponification value (220 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (1.50 meq/kg), iodine value (41. 81mgI2/g), free fatty acid (1.14 %), cetane number (70), oxidative stability (6.56 hrs), long chain saturated factor (24.2 oC), cold-filter plugging point (66.2oC), degree of unsaturation (65.80), high heating value (41.24oC) and water content (0.09). Coconut biodiesel was found to have better fuel quality that has potentials to fuel a diesel engine.
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