Abstract:
The Zionist movement played a major role in favoring Palestine as a settler for the Jews. Thinkers also played a major role in awakening the Jews from their long slumber and creating Jewish nationalism. For example, Herzl wrote a book that became the constitution of a state, and writers participated in the ideas because they are realistic. The study aimed to find out the reason for choosing Palestine and studying Zionist ideas, and the problem of the study was represented in the different views on the role of the Zionist movement, which made it difficult to extract the truth, as well as the contradiction of ideas about Zionism in the process of recovering Palestine. ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? - ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? , ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? , ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? , ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? . ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? , ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? , ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? .????????/ ????? ?????? ???????- ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? .- ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? .- ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? .?/ ????? ???????1/ ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? .2/ ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? .3/ ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? .?/ ???? ??????? ??????? ????????1/ ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???2/ ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ? / ?????? ??????? 1/ ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? .2/ ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? .?? / ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? :1/ ?????? , ????? ????? ??? , ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? (1368-1393?? / 1948-1973?) , ????? ??????? ??? ?????? , ????? ?? ????? , ??????? ???????? , 2006? , ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? 1948- 1973.2/ ??? ???? , ??? , ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? , ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ,????? ?????? ?????? , 2018 , ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? .??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? . ?? / ???? ??????? 1/ ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? .2/ ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? : ????? ????????? .?????? ?????? : ???????? ?????????? ?????? .?????? ?????? : ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? .????? ???????- ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?- ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?- ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? : ????? ??????????/ ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? , ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? 960 - 1000?.? ???????? ?? ???????? (???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? , ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? , ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? , ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? , ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ) ??? ????? ??? (?? ????? ???? ????) 1/ ??????? ??????? 2/ ?????? , 2006? , ?32 . , ( ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????) 1/ ??????? ?????? ??????? 2/ ?????? , 2006? , ?32 , ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? - ??? ??? ?????? - ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? (?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????) 1/ ??? ??????? ??????? 19 2/ ?????? , 2006? , ?41 , ????? ?????? (???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????) ??? ??????? ??????? 17 2/ ?????? , 2006? , ?41. ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? , ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? , ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????1/ ??? ???? , 2011 , ?8 2/ ?????? , 2006? , ?39-41. ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? , ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? , ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? . ?/ ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? , ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? , ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????1 / ??????? , ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? , 2003 ? , ?66 2/ ?????? , 2006? , ?39-40 . ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? , ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? , ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? , ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? , ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? . ??/ ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? :- 1/ ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? .2/ ???? ???? ??????? ?????? .3/ ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? .4/ ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? . 5/ ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? .6/ ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? . 7/ ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? . ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? , ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? , ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? , 1984? , ?43-45 . ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? , ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? , ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? .?????? ?????? ? / ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? , ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? :1/ ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? , ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? , ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? 1894? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? , ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? 1/ ??????? , ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? , ,?6 , 1999? , ?289-290 2/ ????? , 1984, ?49.2/ ???? ??????1795-1874? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? , ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? , ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? , ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? , ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? - ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????- ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? . ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? , ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? - ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? - ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? .3/ ???? ?? 1812- 1875? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? , ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? 1/ ?????? , 1971? , ?17- 2 34/ ????? , ???? ??? ???? , 1984 , ? 58 . ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? , ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ( ???? ??? ????? ??????? ) ???? ??????? ???? ????? ( ????? ??????? ) ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? . Hess ,Moses ,1975 ,p. 3 -54 1/ 2/ ????? , ???? ??? ???? :, 1984? , ? 58 -59. .4/ ??? ????? 1721 -1891? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? , ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? , ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? 1882? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? , ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? , ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? 1/ ??????? , ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? , ?6, ?219-222? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? .4/ ????? ?????????1842-1885? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? , ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? , ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? , ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? , ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? 1/ ????? , ???? ??? ???? ,1984, ?87-92 2/ ??????? , ??? ?????? ???? :, ???????? ,?6, ?223.5/ ????? ????????1843 -1910? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? :- 1/ ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? 2/ ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? .3/ ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? . 1/ ??????? , ???????? ,?6,?223 2/ ????? , ???? ??? ???? : ???? ??? ???? , ?96-98 .6/ ??????? ?? ????? 1858-1922? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? , ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? 1/ ?????, 2006? , ?41- 42 2/ ????? , ???? ??? ????, 1984? , ?95-97 . 7/ ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ( ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ) ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1895? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? , ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? , ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? , ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? 1/ ????? , ?23- 24 2/ ????? , ???? ??? ???? , ?107-108 3/ ??????? , ???????? ,?6, ?233-238 . ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? , ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? . ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? : ????? : ????? ???? ????????? . ??????: ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? .??????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? .??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? 1/ ?????, ?108-110 . ?/ ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? :- ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? , ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? , ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? .?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? : 1/ ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? (...???????? ????????? ????????? .... ?????? ???? ?????? ?????... ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ... ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???) ????? , ?????? , (?.?) , ?9-10 ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? , ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? (?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????? ) 1/ Hertzberg , 1959 , p.114 ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????????? 1/ ????? , ???? ???? , ????????? ??????? ?????? , ????? , 1975? , ?110-111 2/ Hertzberg , Arthur , Ibid , p.109 -111 .2- ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? , ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? 1/ Herzl , 1960 ,5Vols ,p.19 2/ Hess , 1948 - 1945 , pp.148-149 &228-229 .3/ ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? , ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? )???? ????? ( ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? , ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ( ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ... ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? .....) Hertzberg, p.105 1/ ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? 1901? 1/ ????? , ???? ???? , ? 113 . 2/ Herzl , ,p.23.4/ ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? , ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? , ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? , ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????1 / ????? , ???? ??? ???? :???? ??? ???? , ?88-91 . 5/ ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? , ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? , ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ( ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? - ?? ??? ??????? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ) 1/ Herzl , ,p.28 .??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? , ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? , ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? , ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? , ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? 1/ ???? , ??????? , 1970? , ?90.2/ Hertzberg , p.109 .6/ ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? , ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? , ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? , ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? , ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? 1/ ???? , ???? , ????? ????????? , ????? , 1977? , ??1 , ?86 .7/ ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? , ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? - ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? - ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? 1/ ?????? , ??? ?????? ????? , ???? ,?1 , 1985? , ?12-16. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 1/ ?????? , ???? , ???? ??? ???? , ?13- 16 .8/ ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? . ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ( ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ) ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? , ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? , ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? , ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? . ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? , ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? , ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? .?????: ??????? 1/ ???? ???? ??????? 1948? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? .2/ ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? 1904? .3/ ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? .??????: ????????1/ ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? .2/ ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? .3/ ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? .??????? ????????/ ?????1/ ???????? .2/ ??? ????????/ ??????? 3/ ?????? , ????? ????? ??? , ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? (1368-139?? / 1948-1973?) , ????? ??????? ??? ?????? , ????? ?? ????? , ??????? ???????? , 2006 ? .4/ ??? ???? , ???? ???? ??? , ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ??? ?????? , ????? ?????? , ??? , 2011???????? ??????? 5/ ???? , ???? , ????? ????????? , ????? , 1977? .6/ ?????? , ???? , ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? 1936-1983 , ??? ?????? ????? , ???? ,?1 , 1985? .7/ ????? , ???? ???? , ????????? ??????? ?????? , ????? , 1975? .8/ ?????? , ??? ?????? , ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1840-1876,??????? , 1961-1962 .9/ ????? , ???? ??? ???? : ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? , ???? ??????? , ?????? , 1984? .10/ ??????? , ??? ?????? ???? :????? ?????? ?????? ?????? - ?????????? , ??? ????? , ???? , ?1, 2003 .11/ ??????? , ??? ?????? ???? : ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ,?6 , ??? ?????? , 1999?.??????? ???????? 12/ Hertzberg , Arthur , the Zionism idea , New York , 1959 .13/ Hess ,Moses , Rome and Jrusalem ,New York ,1975 .14/ Herzl , Theodor , The Compete Diaries , New York .??????? ????????15/ ?????? , ???? , ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? , ????? ????? ??????? , ????? , 1971? .16/ ????? , ???? , ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? , ????? ????? ??? ???? , ????? ?????? ????? , 2006? .17/ ???? , ??????? , ??????? ?????? , ??????? ???????? , (????? ??? ???????) , ????? , 1970? .18/ ????? , ?????? , ?????? ???????? , ???? ?????? ???????? , (?.?) .19/ ????? , ?????? ,????????? ?? ???????1897-1996? ,????? ???? ????? ???? ,?. ? , ?. ? .International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research (IJAPR)ISSN: 2643-9123Vol. 5 Issue 12, December - 2021, Pages:12-23www.ijeais.org/ijapr114
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