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| The Effect of Fiber-Adhesive Composite on Bond Strength of Plastic Plates- Part II: Adhesive reinforcement |
Ebrahiem E. Ebrahiem, Abdelaziz A. Abdelaziz Noaman, Mostafa A. Abdel-Rahman and Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdel-Halim A.Goad
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Abstract:
Pipelines are widely used in the oil and gas industry in both offshore and onshore operations. After several years of operation in corrosive environments, existing steel pipelines may suffer from internal or external metal loss due to erosion and/or corrosion damage mechanisms. More than 60 percent of the world's oil and gas transmission pipelines are more than 40 years old and for the most part in urgent need of rehabilitation in order to re-establish the original operating capacity. Reinforced Epoxy materials are an alternative to carbon steel pipes, which are highly useful especially for corrosive. Aggressive and normal environments. High strength fiberglass and amine cured epoxy resin processed under discontinuous filament winding process is the technology used in reinforced pipes. GRE pipes are suitable and of much use in power plant piping, down hole tubing and casing, plant process piping, oil and gas flow lines, potable water distribution schemes, offshore platform applications and lot more. GRE pipes are comparatively lightweight, easy to handle and install. The thermal conductivity of GRE pipes is low compared to steel and hence heat loss and insulation cost is minimized. GRE pipes also have a smooth internal surface enables high pipe flow capacity and reduces friction as well. GRE pipes, which can be easily installed, are maintenance free. Reinforced pipes present an exceptional arrangement of chemical resistance, thermal resistance, high mechanical properties which is achieved by the selection of highly performing components and a properly designed structure. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using the reinforced polymers like poly vinyl chloride (PVC) for natural gas transportation at high pressure approximately 5 MPa instead of using steel pipeline. This type of reinforced polymer will minimize cost and increase the lifetime of the pipeline. The polymer used in the study is poly vinyl chloride (PVC), this type of polymer is widely used in industry more ever it is available and cheap in price. Three types of resins were used at different thickness, epoxy resin, polyester resin and poly vinyl acetate. These resins can make uniform distribution of stress on the reinforced polymer
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