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| Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: Empirical Evidence from North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia |
Meaza Bezabih Asfaw, Professor Wan Cheng-Song
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Abstract:
The bidirectional relationship between the twin epidemics of Tuberculosis (TB) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes major global health challenges in the twenty-first century. TB-HIV co-infected people face multifaceted problems like a high loss to follow-up rates, poor treatment adherence, high TB recurrence rate, and high mortality risk. Our objective was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of HIV patients among PTB patients in Woldia comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia, 2021. A retrospective study was conducted among 584 TB/HIV co-infected patients registered from 2015 to 2019 in a hospital in Woldia town. The data were collected through document review by using a pre-tested structured data extraction checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were determined at 95% confidence intervals. Among the 584 PTB cases, the prevalence of HIV was 170, 29.1 %. PTB WHO stage 3 was 2.69 times more likely HIV positive than WHO stage 1 (AOR: 2.69, 95% CI (1.28-5.66). PTB patients who had an opportunistic infection were 5.27 times more likely to have HIV infection than patients who had not (AOR: 5.27, 95% CI (2.05-13.56)). The category of patient retreatment PTB cases was 5.02 times more likely HIV patient compared to new cases (AOR: 5.02, 95% CI (1.97-12.78). The prevalence of HIV infection among PTB cause is high. Late HIV stage, history of opportunistic infection and not taking opportunistic infection are associated with HIV infection. Therefore, diagnosing HIV among TB patients and treating TB cases to opportunistic parasitic infection could help prevent TB/HIV co-infections.
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