International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research (IJAHMR)   Year: 2021 | Volume: 5 | Issue: 8 | Page No.: 22-26 The Role of Cytological Methods in Evaluate Urine of Sudanese Patients with Renal Failure Enas Jafar Yousif, P.hD , Hadeel Hatim Mubarak, B.Sc , Alia Abdelrahman Eshag, B.Sc , Alkhair Abd Almahmoud Idris, P.hD Abstract: Background: Renal failure is a major health problem in Sudan and each year the number of patients is increasing. Aim: To determine the cytological changes of urinary tract cells among patients suffering from renal failure. Materials and methods: This was descriptive laboratory based study conducted in Khartoum State. A random sample of 85 urine samples were taken from (all ages and both sexes) patients with renal failure lives in Khartoum; the remaining 35 samples was taken from health population as control. Questionnaire containing essential patient identification data was used. Results and discussion: Statistical analysis showed that there was significant statistical association between age, gender, medical history of chronic disease and type of renal failure (acute or chronic) to chronic changes in urinary tract cytology in terms of bacterial, Candida, Trichomonas infections (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that our study highlighted the role of urine cytology as screening tool for patients with renal failure as adjusted method to other clinical investigations. The inflammation and infection, bacterial, parasitic or fungal are the most common.