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| The Struggle of Political Forces in Egypt after the Withdrawal of the French Campaign (1801-1807), an Analytical Study
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Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish
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Abstract:
After the failure of the French campaign against Egypt, Egypt entered a difficult transitional period, which is the period after the evacuation of the French campaign and until the advent of Muhammad Ali as ruler of Egypt. Before the advent of the French, a state belonging to the Ottoman Empire, which was at the beginning of the phase of weakness and dissolution since the 17th century, but Ottoman Egypt was characterized by Mamluk Ottoman struggles for power. And when the campaign was evacuated from Egypt, the Mamluks looked forward to the return of their old authority, especially since the French occupation of Egypt had confirmed the weakness of the Ottoman Sultan and the Ottoman state, and that without the help of the English to the Turks to expel the French from Egypt, they could not expel the French, especially since the last commander of the campaign, Jacques Mino was adhering to the continued presence in Egypt to make Egypt a major French colony of a special character. In return, the Ottomans wanted Egypt to return to their fold, and to prove the legitimacy of their rule over it in various ways. The research deals with the conflict of political forces in Egypt after the French campaign and the assumption of Muhammad Ali, especially as the strength of the Egyptian people appeared, and the weakness of the Mamluks and the Ottomans and their constant competition helped to increase the influence of scholars. They had the most prominent impact in the subsequent period and a decisive role in this bitter conflict at home and abroad as well, hoping for Egypt.
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