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Assessment of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Level as Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Cancer in the Gezira State, Sudan
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Rania M. SidAhmed, Algaili M. Algaili. Abdalraheem Ali Babiker
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Abstract:
The screening tests help to find cancers in an early stage when they are more easily cured. Prostate cancer can be found early by testing the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. The main objective of this study is to compare the diagnosis, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between H&E sections and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prostate tissue (samples from the bank) was diagnosed firstly using H&E stain & a second diagnosis using Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test was done, finally the diagnoses were compared together. Laboratory analysis of selected 118 prostate samples showed the following: Statistically there was significant difference in the diagnosis between PSA with H&E stain (p-value=0.000=0.05).The benign cases with H&E include; 3 cases (3.6%) which had normal PSA level, 73 cases (88%) had moderately high PSA level and 7 cases (8.4%) although they were benign but had high PSA level. The malignant cases with H&E include; only one case (3%) although it was malignant but had normal PSA level, 16 malignant cases (47%) had moderately high PSA level and 17malignant cases (50%) had high PSA level. The equivocal case (100%) with H&E had moderately high level PSA. H&E was 94.8% sensitive, 96.4% specific, and 50% accurate. PSA test was 97.2% sensitive, 3.7% specific, and 33.1% accurate. In conclusion H&E stain is superior to PSA level for diagnosis of prostate cancer, prostate benign diseases and the equivocal cases. Also PSA level is more sensitive than H&E for all prostate diseases, but less specific and less accurate than H&E. H&E is recommended to be used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. PSA level should be used as indicator of prostate problem particularly prostate cancer, and not specific for certain prostate disease, taking in our mind the age of the patient.
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