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| Association between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type I 4G /5G Genes Polymorphisms with Menorrhagia among Sudanese Females in Gezira State
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Selma O. M. Abdalla, Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed, Mohamed E. M. Elsanousi, Adil H. Mergani, and Abuagla M. Dafalla
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Abstract:
Background: Menorrhagia is a heavy periods due to menstrual problems (the regularity, frequency or character of bleeding), leading to seeking medical help. Menorrhagia is an excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with the woman's physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life. Aim: The study aimed to find out association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(4G/5G gene) polymorphisms and menorrhagia amongst Sudanese females from Gezira State. In addition, to study association between the plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (4G/5G gene) polymorphisms and the different risk factors (duration of menorrhagia, amount of menorrhagia, regulation of menstruation, family history, and clinical features). Methodology: This descriptive case control study was done during the period from 2016 to 2020. A 90 blood samples were collected from adult females with menorrhagia as cases and 90 blood samples from normal healthy females as control. Their age ranged from 19 - 43 years with mean 31 ± 5.88 years. DNA was extracted and analyzed for detection of plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (4G/5G gene) polymorphisms, by using Allele Specific Primer-PCR (ASP-PCR) method with specific primers. Results: 16% of PAI-1 genotypes in cases groups and 7% in control groups are recessive gene with polymorphism (4G/4G), 46% of PAI-1 genotypes in cases groups and 43% in control groups are 4G/5G polymorphism, 38% of PAI-1genotypes in cases groups and 50% in control groups are 5G/5G polymorphism (84% of PAI-1 genotypes in cases group and 93% in controls group are wild types with polymorphism (4G/5G) and (5G/5G). Conclusion: The plasminogen activator inhibitor type -1 (PAI-1) (4G/5G) polymorphism had significant association with menorrhagia amongst Sudanese females in Gezira State.
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