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| Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Health Care Workers: A Systematic Review
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Emma Drager, BS; Jaini Bhavsar, MPharm; Khalil Alnakhli, BS; Sandra Collins, MBA, PhD, Jennifer McKinnies, RDH, BSDH
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Abstract:
COVID-19 is an infectious and highly transmittable respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact since it first emerged as a major health concern in late 2019. In 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a worldwide pandemic and as a threat to public health. Since then many measures, including the distribution of vaccines, have been taken to reduce the transmission and to prevent future infections and/or deaths. Health care workers have served valiantly on the front lines of the pandemic and are often the first to be offered COVID-19 vaccines. However, many have hesitated to be COVID-19 vaccinated prompting research efforts focused on understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in health care workers. Therefore, a search was conducted utilizing PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, and Web of Science databases utilizing some of the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). From the aforementioned academic databases, 23 articles were retrieved, analyzed, and categorized using the following criteria: (1) health care workers level of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, (2) determinants of health care workers COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, (3) public misinformation regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, (4) strategies for addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and (5) if researchers deemed the conclusions and attitudes presented in the articles to be valid. The findings of the systematic literature review indicated the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is likely higher in male health care workers than female health care workers, as well as potentially being more accepted by older health care workers when compared to younger health care workers. Additionally, this research indicated that political affiliation of health care workers may have played a factor in vaccine hesitancy or acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Future research should be conducted on the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy of health care workers as strategies are addressed to overcome the barriers associated with vaccine hesitancy.
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