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| Design and Implementation of Tow-Thomas Second Order Bandpass Filter for Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Applications
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ATSUWE, B. A.
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Abstract:
In recent time where electronics and telecommunications play a vital and integral part in the technological advancements of the society in areas like Biomedical applications, defence communication systems, Aeronautical field, wireless communications systems, Space Systems etc. filters are utilized in all the fields mentioned above, therefore this paper proposed a second-order Tow-Thomas Biquad filter to be used in the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) wave region and in doing so, the different parameters that define the characteristics of a filter like; frequency range, cut-off frequency, gain, bandwidth and roll-off rate were considered. Results showed that the cut-off frequency for the different quality factors Q=2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 were slightly shifted to 1.51kHz but were found to be in good agreement with the EPC Glous 1 generation 2 protocol for RFID systems. However the midBand gain and bandwidths were not in agreement with theory where they decreased and increased respectively with increasing quality factor. Moreso, the filter's roll-off rate conformed to theory where it approached -40dB/decade at Q=5.0 and overshot thereafter. It was concluded that, the Tow-Thomas Second-order filter could be suitable for use in the Extremely low frequency (ELF) range if further adjustments are done to meet-up the required specification.
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