Abstract:
Currently, climate variability and change have been recognized as the greatest challenges facing human beings and their socio-economic activities. Africa has experienced climate variability and change, which has declined agricultural productivity and resulted in decreased national and household food security. To adapt to the changing climate, farmers need a transformation in their farming practices and to adopt various practices that sustainably increase agricultural productivity as well as their resilience. The main goal of this study was to rethink Africa's contribution to climate change and variability in Africa. This study was guided by the specific objectives, namely; assessing the impacts of climate change and variability on agriculture, mitigation strategies towards climate change, and the adaptive capacity employed by the local people to reduce climate change and variability in Africa. It was found that factors like institutional, environmental, energy, and culture enhance climate change and variability. It was also noted that sea level rises, temperature increases, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation all lead to climate change. Public education, training, and awareness campaigns mitigate climate change. According to this study, it was concluded that the contributions of Africans to climate change can be described in a variety of disciplines, including agriculture, technology, health, government institutions, the environment, and other disciplines. In terms of Africa's contribution to climate change, the problematic issues are poverty, a lack of climate-smart agriculture, an excessive reliance on aquatic resources for irrigation, fishing, and pollution, population expansion, and over-exploitation of coastal resources. According to the study, it is therefore preferable to deploy climate-smart agriculture, effective government structures, and as many of the national and international mitigation programs as is practical.
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