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| Relation between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Infertility
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Dr. Ashim Kumar Bhowmick, Dr. Shelley Rani Dam
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Abstract:
Background: PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with high prevalence. Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) stands as one of the frequently occurring endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age with the incidence rate of 5-10% worldwide. PCOS is named as "Stein-Leventhal syndrome" after its earliest recognition by Dr. Stein and Leventhal. They described it as a syndrome of polycystic ovaries, with systemic reproductive, metabolic and psychological disturbances. The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a combination of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism and acne) and anovulation (oligomenorrhea, infertility, and dysfunctional uterine bleeding), with or without the presence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. It represents the main endocrinedisorder in the reproductive age, affecting 5% - 10% of women. It is the most common cause of infertility due to anovulation, and the main source of female infertility. When in the presence of a menstrual disorder, the diagnosis of PCOS is reached in 30% - 40% of patients with primary or secondary amenorrhoea and in 80% of patients with oligomenorrhea. PCOS should be diagnosed and treated early in adolescence due to reproductive, metabolic and oncological complications which may be associated with it. Treatment options include drugs, diet and lifestyle improvement. Methods& Materials: In this prospective observational study, Women who consulted in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department were screened to identify the PCOS problems through clinical histories, PCOS questionnaire and ultrasonography over a period of 12 months at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients diagnosed with PCOS were assessed for their clinical manifestations, severity, life style and treatment given, and were educated accordingly through patient counseling and awareness program. Results: We observed the prevalence of PCOS is 6.5 % out of 1000 women. Among the 65 PCOS women, 60respondents complains of irregular ministration which is about 92.30%, among 65 PCOS women, 24 did not yet have any child which is about 53.34%. Among the respondents 7 (33.33%) had the history of miscarriages or abortion and 21 (46.60%) had the child. Mostly received the advice of the lifestyle modification and treatment with metformin ethinyl estradiol, medroxy progesterone etc. Conclusions: PCOS is a complex condition with high prevalence of fertility problems, Obesity and others associated complications which need special attention with specific measures. It is the time needed demand to take initiatives for creating awareness towards this issue. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment with lifestyle modifications may have good result.
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