Abstract:
The advent of prenatal ultrasound, particularly in the first trimester, has allowed for the detection of a wide range of malformations, whose prognosis and severity have led several families in Western countries to resort to medical termination of pregnancy. In fact, in several societies, a child with congenital malformations destroys the conjugal ideal that presides over its arrival. This examination, which is quickly becoming essential and systematic in many countries, particularly in Morocco, must of course be performed by experienced sonographers and using state-of-the-art equipment given the impact of the results found on the life of the fetus and its parents. Omphalocele is an embryopathy that is expressed by a defect in the closure of the anterior abdominal wall, resulting in the externalization of part of the abdominal contents covered by amnios on the surface and peritoneum in depth. (1) The etiology of isolated forms is still not really known, some factors have been identified such as advanced maternal age (over 35 years) and in vitro fertilization but with no obvious evidence. It is considered that there are chromosomal abnormalities in about 50% of cases of omphaloceles diagnosed, trisomies 13 and 18 being the most common anomalies (2). Omphalocele is associated with other malformations in 70% of cases, constituting polymalformative syndromes, the most frequent and best studied of which are Cantrell's pentalogy (omphalocele, diaphragmatic hernia, sternal anomaly, malformation and cardiac ectopia) and Wiedmann-Beckwith syndrome (omphalocele, hypoglycemia, macroglossia, visceromegaly) (3)
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