Abstract:
Bhairawa is a form of ugra or ghora from Shiva. In the form of Bhairawa, Shiva has a demonic form, his characteristic is that he has fangs. Sometimes Bhairawa is even depicted without clothes and wearing scary jewelry, shaped like skulls and snakes. The existence of Bhairawa shows the existence of the Saiwa sect which specifically worships Bhairawa. Bhairawa is also the name of one of the schools within Tantrism which is classified into wamasakta, namely leftist tantrism whose core teaching is to achieve kamoksan through the practice of pancamahatattwa. Pancamahatattwa consists of madya, mamsa, matsya, maithuna, and mudra. The practice of panca ma is carried out as a ritual to achieve kamoksan through trance. The Tantra Bhairawa lineage first appeared on the island of Java in 674 AD in the Kalinga kingdom led by Queen Shima. This kingdom also developed during the reign of King Dharma Udayana Warmadewa and his queen Mahendradhatta around the 10th century. Tantrayana has been widespread in Indonesia for a thousand years, in Java, Sumatra, Bali and Kalimantan, in both Buddhist and Shaivist forms. Its most powerful and elitist aspect is the Kala Bhairava lineage. Followers of the Bhairava Tantra try to achieve enlightenment in the shortest possible way. In the pure Shaivite tradition, meditation is performed at cremation grounds, to remind practitioners of the impermanence of existence.
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