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| Effect of Thermal Stress on Reproduction of Angoumios Grain Moth
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Naveed Ahmed,Abdullah, Abdul Mateen,Abdul Waris, Ijaz Ahmed,Muhammad Aamir Tariq,Faheem Shahzad,Umer Zaib.Muhammad Jaffar khan Bazai,Ghulam Rasool,Moin Uddinand Sohail Iqbal.
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Abstract:
The Angoumois wheat moth (AGM) causes significant loss of grain stored in stores and fights for years. This insect is a major pest of stored grains because its immature stage (caterpillars) develop entirely in the grain core. The attacked kernels are mostly hollow with round holes where the moths emerge. It will weigh about 20% less than the sound kernel. AGM -attacked cereals usually have an unpleasant odor that refuses to eat them or limits their use by humans and animals. So to control these insects different temperatures are used. In this study five different temperatures (15 oC, 20 oC, 25 oC, 30 oC and 35 oC) were used to control Angoumois seed moths under maternity conditions. Results revealed that a maximum incubation period of Sitotroga cereallea eggs was observed on 15 oC temperature (6.34±0.13) and 20 oCtemperatures (6.01±0.78). While a minimum incubation period of Sitotroga cereallea eggs was observed on 30 oCtemperature (3.02±0.65). A maximum hatching % of eggs Sitotroga cereallea was observed in 25 oC temperature (91.47±1.02). While a minimum hatching % of eggs Sitotroga cereallea was observed in 15oCtemperature (70.34±0.13). A maximum larval mortality of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 15 oCtemperature (33.34±0.13). While a minimum larval mortality of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 30 oC temperature (11.02±0.65). A maximum larval development period of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 15 oC temperature (23.34±0.13) and 20 oC temperature (22.01±0.78). While a minimum larval development period of Sitotroga cereallea was observed in 30 oC temperature (16.02±0.65). A maximum adult emergence (%) of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 30 oCtemperature regime (91.02±0.6). While a minimum adult's emergence percent of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 15 oC (69.34±0.13). A maximum pupal period of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 15 oC(7.34±1.02). While minimum pupal period of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 30 oC(4.02±0.65). A maximum fecundity of Sitotroga. Cerealella was observed on 30 oCtemperature (272.02±0.65), while a minimum of Sitotroga cereallea was observed in 15 oCtemperature (185.34±0.13). A maximum oviposition rate of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 30 oCtemperature (17.65±0.65) and 25 oCtemperature (17.03±1.02). While a minimum oviposition rate of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 35 oCtemperature (13.97±0.56). A maximum male and female adults longevity of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 30 oCtemperature (15.41±0.65 female, 12.44±0.81 male) and 35 oCtemperature (15.24±0.56 female, 12.34±0.65 male). While a minimum male and female adults longevity of Sitotroga cereallea was observed on 15 oCtemperature (11.34±0.13 female, 9.14±0.23 male). We conclude that temperatures of 25 oC, 30 oC and 35 oC are the best temperatures for the rearing of Angoumois seed moth, Sitotroga cerealella, while temperatures of 15 oC and 20 oC are unsuitable temperatures for Angoumois seed moth, Sitotroga cerealella and 15 oC and 20 oC. The results indicate that both temperatures can be used in stored gowdown to control these insect pests.
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