Title: Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor in DOCA-salt Hypertensive Rats.
Authors: Aboajela Ramadan Imbark Ajaj
Salaheddin Ali Elmaggoze
Azab Elsayed Azab
Volume: 7
Issue: 12
Pages: 139-145
Publication Date: 2023/12/28
Abstract:
Background: Hypertension is a chronic pathophysiological stress in the cardiovascular system, and it is a significant cause of generalised cardiovascular remodelling. Generally compounds that have the ability to decrease free radicals and inflammatory agents in the both can provide good remedies for these chronic clinical conditions associated with cardiovascular remodelling. Objectives: The current study was aimed to evaluate the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress by phospholipase A2 inhibitor in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.Materials ad Methods: 14 Wistar rats were taken in this experiment, and the rats aged from eight to ten weeks old. Rats were fed and drank normal food and water for 4 days prior to the date for surgery. The surgery was performed to remove the left kidney from these selected rats, and after surgery the rats were divided into two experimental groups of 5-7 rats each. Group one was given 1% sodium Chloride in drinking water and a subcutaneous injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate (25 mg in 0.4 mL of dimethylformamide) every fourth day. In addition to this, group one was daily given phospholipase inhibitor (PLAi) in a form of dose of 5mg/kg/day by oral gavage as treatment, and the rats were given PLAi for 32 days. Group two which called UNX have been given normal food and normal water without any further treatment and no DOCA injection so as to act as a control fot the experiment. Moreover, the body weight measurements were taken on a daily basis, that is for water initial, water final, food initial and food final. All experiment took 32 days which is 4 days before surgery and 28 days after surgery, and the results for all parameters were recorded. Whole data sets were represented as mean ±standard error of the mean. Comparisons of findings between groups were made via statistical analysis of data sets using Student t- test to determine differences between treatment groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: First the water intake of the treated DOCA-rats is highly elevated. However, those rats exposed to Phospholipase inhibitor indicated a lowered values of increased water intake. The food intake by the DOCA-salt rats showed a decrease and there was a much more effect especially in the group one rats. The food intake by the DOCA-salt rats showed a decrease and there was a much more effect especially in the group one rats. The graph of force of contraction (mN) versus Noradrenaline concentration (log M) in DOCA-salt rats shows that there is a marked decreased contractile coefficient of the vessel, whereas the DOCA+PLAi rats have marked increased contractile coefficient, with increased concentration of noradrenaline. In DOCA-salt rats the graph shown that the force of relaxation (mN) versus acetylcholine concentration (log M) is dramatically declined while in DOCA+PLAi group the relaxation abilities are still finding. The group with both the DOCA and PLAi indicates a retention of both contractile and relaxation abilities as compared to the group with only DOCA. This is also seen in the graph of force of relaxation (mN) versus concentration of sodium nitroprusside (log M), where by there is a similar trend of decreased relaxation abilities of the blood vessels in the rats exposed to only DOCA-salt whereas in DOCA+PLAi rats the relaxation abilities are improved. The relaxation abilities response in blood vessels to sodium nitroprusside indicated more than relaxation abilities response to acetylchline. Conclusion: The DOCA-salt Wistar rat model is a typical example of induced cardiovascular remodelling which occurs in the human beings with chronic hypertension and heart disorders. The anti-inflammatory substances in the body usually decrease the DOCA-salt cardiovascular remodelling especially those related to fibrosis. The research can be utilised as opportunities to develop new noble therapeutic agents for chronic cardiovascular disease, and this is a major task in clinical medicine management of aged populations in our society.