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| Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Ki-67 in Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Central Sudan
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Yosuf S. Abdulwahab, Rania M. SidAhmed, Hind O. Taha, Ahmed A. Mohamedani
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Abstract:
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer overall, ranks the 5th as a cause of death in the world. The prevalence of breast cancer is rising every year and it is the most common and leading cause of death in Sudan. The objective of this study is to assess the significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein over expression and cell proliferation marker (Ki-67) with the grade of female ductal carcinoma. The study was carried out in the Histopathology and Cytology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira in 2014. A retrospective study was employed on paraffin-embedded blocks from 49 female patients with breast cancer. One ductal carcinoma in situ grade II and one ductal carcinoma in situ grade III, 20 patients were invasive ductal carcinoma with NG II and 27 were invasive ductal carcinoma NG III. The study was designed to apply immunohistochemistry using super sensitive one step polymer - HRP IHC/DAB for detection of both vascular endothelial growth factor and Ki-67. All forty nine cases showed the expression of VEGF. From the 49 cases of the study 47 cases (95.7%) showed high density stain for Ki-67 and two moderate. The overall expression of VEGF and Ki-67 was seen in all patients showing that there is no difference due to age. This study demonstrated that the co-expression of VEGF and Ki-67 indicates the involvement of VEGF in the tumorigenesis and invasion and this supports the evidence of its role of angiogenesis and cell survival. Furthermoreangiogenesis may enhance to metastasis of mammary carcinoma to other organs making the prognosis poor and treatment difficult. The study recommended that further studies to be done on the effect of anti-angiogenic drugs on blocking the action of vascular endothelial growth factor to localize the cancer in the breast preventing growth, progression and spread of cancer making the treatment more successful.
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