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| Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities, Purification and GC-Ms Analysis of A. nilotica (L.) Ethanolic Pods Extract
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Sitelbanat Yassin#, Mohamed Abubker# Anwar Mohamed#, Selma Omer, Abubakr Alsiddeg Hammad, Abdelgadir A. Abdelgadir, Elhadi M. Ahmed,, Mirghani Abd Alrahman, Salwa Hassan
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Abstract:
Acacia nilotica is a plant in Sudan known as Gard, Gum Arabic, and Sunut. It has many uses in folk medicine, utilized as therapeutic remedies to manage various illnesses including microbial infections. This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of A. nilotica ethanolic pod extract, to purify and to determine the components of the extract. The coarse powder of unseeded A. nilotica was extracted by cold maceration using 50% Ethanol and successively fractionated to produce petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and the remaining aqueous extracts. A. nilotica extracts were used against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and active ingredients were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extract showed that all the tested strains were sensitive to ethyl acetate fraction with MIC and MBC (12.5 and 25) mg/ml respectively, which is similar to the crude extract. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay of the extract and the standard quercetin at concentrations (250, 125, 50, 10, and 5) ?g/ml. The radical scavenging activity was 95.05%, 94.91%, 93.19%, 19.88%, and 17.12% for the extract, which is higher compared to quercetin which gave 89.7%, 85.8%, 62.1%, 55.5%, and 45% respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the total constituents exhibited that 1,2,3-Benzentriol (59.86%), followed by phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethy (14.92%) are the major components of 74.78% abundance. Finally, these findings provided useful information on the therapeutic potential of A. nilotica. The major constituents can play a promising role in antibacterial against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus to serve as a platform for formulating effective herbal drugs.
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