Abstract:
This research deals with an analytical study of the introductions of the British campaign against Egypt after the French campaign (1801-1807), through four axes that include: the Ottoman-British alliance starting with the advent of the French campaign to Egypt in 1798, and after the conclusion of the Turkish-Russian alliance treaty on January 3, 1799, The purpose of the alliance was military cooperation against the French expansion in the Aegean Sea and the eastern Mediterranean, which began to appear after the conclusion of the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797). Ottoman Empire for eight years, and was therefore committed to re-conquering Egypt, to rid it of the French, and to return it to the Ottoman Empire. To end up sending an English armed force to protect Egypt, and to grant the Turks in return some commercial privileges to England, which were approved by the English government at the end of July 1801. As for the second axis, it dealt with the British alliance with the Mamluks after the transfer of power to Mohamed Ali, and loyalty was divided between the Mamluks between the British and the French, which ended with the intervention of Great Britain, and stipulated that the Turks appoint Alexandria and Rosetta as stopping points for the English army, and they pledged to keep the rest of Egypt at the disposal of the Sublime Porte. At that time, the internal conflict in Egypt worsened, so that the four factions that were fighting over Egypt, all aimed at the supreme power, put the country in the midst of chaos, and called on the British government to take strong measures to start the procedures normally in sending English forces to Alexandria. As for the British-French conflict, it continued to develop plans to monitor French naval movements in the Mediterranean, and Britain, as a precautionary measure, landed its military forces in Malta to be close to Alexandria, and imposed what is known as a naval blockade on the French fleet, as William Pitt's cabinet decided in March 1805 Send a large reinforcement of forces to the Mediterranean.
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