International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research (IJAHMR)   Year: 2023 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 7 | Page No.: 1-13 Role of Gold Nanoparticles in Enhancing Radiotherapy Download PDF Basim A. Almayahi, , Siti F. Abdul Sani, Maha A. Alkhudhari, Hairul A. Tajuddin Abstract: Gold nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer therapy due to their unique properties and potential to enhance radiotherapy. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which gold nanoparticles enhance radiotherapy, including increased radiation absorption, generation of secondary low-energy electrons, dose enhancement effects, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. The selective targeting and localization of gold nanoparticles in tumor tissues are discussed, highlighting the importance of surface modifications and functionalization. Furthermore, the utilization of gold nanoparticles in imaging techniques and treatment monitoring is explored, emphasizing their optical and photothermal properties. Preclinical studies using in vitro and in vivo models demonstrate the enhanced radiotherapy effects of gold nanoparticles. The ongoing clinical trials and translational research are summarized to assess the safety and efficacy of gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy in human subjects. The potential impact on cancer treatment and patient outcomes is discussed, along with the challenges and future perspectives in optimizing gold nanoparticle properties, standardizing protocols, addressing safety concerns, and integrating with other treatment modalities. In conclusion, gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy holds great promise in cancer treatment and further research is needed to fully exploit its potential and translate it into clinical practice.