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| Evaluation of Nutraceuticals and Antimicrobial Activities of Achomanes difformis Extract - Honey Mixture as Potential Antitussive Agent
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Olumide Adegbenga Oyetade, Bosede Mofoluwake Adegoke, Monsurat Modupe Raimi, Olukemi Rebecca Adebayo, Suraj Abdulsalam Shittu, Olayinka Abidemi Abejoye
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Abstract:
Antitussives are substances with potentials of suppressing or treating cough and associated respiratory tracts disorders. Conventional cough drugs pose controversies of habit forming potentials amongst other side effects. Achomanes difformis, a natural plant was assessed for their potentials as antitussive agent. Achomanes difformis extract - honey mixture was prepared and nutraceuticals were determined using standard analytical methods with Tutolin cough syrup employed as standard. Antimicrobial activity of test samples against selected bacteria were investigated. Agar well diffusion method was employed for inhibitory activity of Tutolin Syrup and Achomanes difformis extract - honey mixture on isolates. Mineral composition of Tutolin and Achomanes difformis extract - honey mixture in mg/100g showed Na (12.01 ± 0.02, 18.20 ± 0.01), K (56.00 ± 0.01, 96.00 ± 0.02), Ca (10.00 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02), Mg (5.64 ± 0.04, 14.40 ± 0.02), Zn (0.02 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.01), P (1.00 ± 0.01, 2.00 ± 0.01) respectively, Ni and Pb were not detected. Phytochemicals of Tutolin cough syrup and extract - honey mixture showed phenol (%) (1.36 ± 0.02, 2.68 ± 0.03), glycosides in mg/100g (0.01 ± 0.01, 5.38 ± 0.05), saponins (%) (0.84 ± 0.01, 1.12 ± 0.02), flavanoids (%) (0.01 ± 0.01, 0.01 ± 0.01). Steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones and terpenoids were not detected. The results showed that extract - honey mixture inhibited bacteria growth isolates and compared favourably with the reference antibiotics indicating the potentials of A. difformis extract-honey mixture in inhibiting the bacteria causing lung infections, hence, can be exploited industrially as antitussive agent
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