Abstract:
A. baumannii can frequently cause pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, wound infections and urinary tract infections. MDR A. baumannii is widely prevalent which has been reported and isolated from hospitals in many countries. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of Roselle calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) and leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana (Z. mauritiana) utilized in folk medicine against four clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii). Screening of Phytochemicals of H. sabdariffa and Z. mauritiana was carried out using percolation procedure. The antibacterial potential of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa and Z. mauritiana were also evaluated by agar disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility of selected A. baumannii strains was examined. Based on the experimental analysis, the extracts of H. sabdariffa and Z. mauritiana revealed the presence of plants' secondary metabolites in the form of phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals in which methanolic extracts showed high yields compared to that of aqueous. The methanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa and Z. mauritiana were exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities against the non-MDR A. baumannii as well as the MDR A. baumannii strains compared to that of aqueous with a zone of inhibition ranging from (11.5 ± 0.3) to (14.2 ± 0.3) mm. The relative inhibition capacity of both plant extracts (10 mg/disc) with respect to gentamicin (10 mg/disc) had potent antibacterial activities and was much more effective than gentamicin agent. Also the values of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 12.5 to 25 and 25 to 50 mg/mL, respectively, revealing the potential bactericidal properties of the extracts quantitatively. For this current study, the findings showed that crude extracts of both H. sabdariffa and Z. mauritiana exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy against MDR strains of A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples in comparison to antibiotics used. Therefore, utilizing these plants may have advantageous well-being impact as natural antimicrobials for the treatment of MDR A. baumannii.
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