International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research (IJAHMR)   Year: 2024 | Volume: 8 | Issue: 6 | Page No.: 30-32 Insight Into Aortic Stenosis, Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, and Newly Developed Bundle Branch Block Download PDF Mohamed Azab Elsayed Azab Abstract: Background: Valvular aortic stenosis culminates in restriction of left ventricular outflow, which leads to reduced exercise capacity, inadequate cardiac output, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for the treatment of patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who are not candidates for surgery or those considered to be at high risk for adverse postsurgical outcome. Objectives: The current review aimed to hight light on aortic stenosis, surgical aortic valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and newly developed bundle branch block. 30 to 50% of patients with severe aortic stenosis are denied surgical replacement attributed to a number of reasons, including advanced age, frailty, depressed left ventricular function, other organ dysfunction, or other conditions that deem those patients at high/prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve replacement.The indication for Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is now extending to intermediate and low surgical-risk patients. Despite these benefits, a growing clinical experience with TAVI has revealed several intra- and post-procedure complications. The occurrence of post-operative conduction disturbances: the most relevant and common are His' bundle branch blocks, atrioventricular blocks, and the need for permanent pacemaker implantation. 34.8% occurring in hospital discharge patients, and with left bundle branch block being the most common significant conduction disturbance after TAVI (10.5%). New-onset left bundle branch block is the most frequent conduction alteration associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that transcatheter aortic valve implantation is alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement due to a number of reasons, including advanced age, frailty, depressed left ventricular function, other organ dysfunction, or other conditions that deem those patients at high/prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. The most post-operative conduction disturbances are His' bundle branch blocks, atrioventricular blocks, and the need for permanent pacemaker implantation.