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| Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, and the Variations of Hematological Parameters among patients at the Sabratha National Cancer Institute in Western Libya
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Sara Yosef A. Alhmedy
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Abstract:
Background: Colorectal cancer is a gradual progression from benign polyps/cysts and development late stage and metastasis and develops largely as a result of inflammatory mechanisms with high rates of incidence, mortality, and morbidity. Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the incidence of Colorectal Cancer, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, and the Variations of Hematological Parameters among patients at the Sabratha National Cancer Institute in Western Libya. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 colorectal cancer patients, attending the National Cancer Institute of Sabratha for colon examination to detect cancerous or other medical conditions from the 1st January 2023 to the 1st January 2024, were enrolled in this prospective study. Also, 100 healthy individuals without any chronic disease were recruited for the control group. Their ages ranged from 19 to 80 years old. Blood samples were collected by vein puncture, 3 ml of venous blood withdrawn from each participant in the study by using disposable syringes under an aseptic technique; they were then transferred to a sterile EDTA tube, for complete blood count. Complete blood count was determined using an automated hematology analyzer Sysmex (KX 21) machine in the Centre laboratory of the National Cancer Institute of Sabratha. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 26) software. Results: The results showed 53% of colorectal patients were male with mean age 59±15.2 years old. The higher distribution of colorectal cancer patients according to the age groups was 26% in age group (51-60) years, the region was 24%, and 23% in Tripoli, Zawia. Hemoglobin concentrations, Hct, MCV, lymphocytes %, and blood platelets count were significantly decreased in the colorectal cancer patients when compared with the healthy individuals. On the other hand, MCH, WBCs count, neutrophils % , mixed %, Neutro/Lymph, and Plt/Lymph ratios were significantly increased in the colorectal cancer patients when compared with the healthy individuals. Also, results showed that 85% of colorectal cancer patients was anemic with degrees 35% mild, 41% moderate, and 9% severe anemia, and with types 27% microcytic hypochromic, and 58% normocytic hypochromic anemia. Also, 12% of patients have a thrombocytopenia with 7% mild and 5% moderate degrees in thrombocytopenic patients. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the higher distribution of colorectal cancer was in male elderly patients in Tripoli and Zawia than in other regions. Most of the hematological parameters among the patients showed significant alterations. 85% of colorectal cancer patients were anemic, the most with moderate and normocytic hypochromic anemia, and 12% of patients were thrombocytopenic, and the degrees of thrombocytopenic were 07% mild and 05% moderate. The simplest and most significant examination tool for making a diagnosis of illness is a full blood count. Furthermore, it is recommended that patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer have their hematological indicators routinely checked. It's important to consider the findings' clinical implications.
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