Title: Exploring Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes, Diagnostic Criteria, and Treatment Options
Authors: Oluwaseun Emmanuel Omopo
Volume: 8
Issue: 7
Pages: 35-44
Publication Date: 2024/07/28
Abstract:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted mental health condition recognized for its complex interplay of genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors. Emerging from historical terms like "shell shock," PTSD was formally classified in the DSM-III in 1980 and is defined by the DSM-5 as a disorder that develops following exposure to one or more traumatic events. Characterized by persistent intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in mood, and heightened arousal, PTSD impacts significant areas of daily functioning. Its etiology involves genetic predispositions, neurobiological vulnerabilities, psychological traits, and environmental exposures. Key risk factors include the severity and duration of trauma, with social support playing a crucial protective role. Understanding PTSD through a biopsychosocial model highlights the need for integrated approaches in diagnosis and management, which includes psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and supportive interventions tailored to individual needs. The global prevalence of PTSD ranges widely, reflecting its significant public health impact, especially in trauma-affected regions.