Title: Effects of some Cultural Practices on the Management of the of the Cotton Jassid [Empoasca lypica (De Bergin)], Gezira State, Sudan
Authors: A. M. A. Rudwan, A.E.M. Hassan, M. T. Y. Elamin, E. Y. M. Ahmed and A.B. Dafaallah
Volume: 8
Issue: 9
Pages: 39-46
Publication Date: 2024/09/28
Abstract:
Cotton is one of the most important crops produced in Sudan. The plant is liable to be attacked all over its growing season by cotton jassid [Empoasca lypica (De Bergin)]. This research aims to adopt cotton cultivar, sowing date and spacings as integrated cotton Jassid [Empoasca lypica (De Bergin)] management tools at Gezira State, Sudan. Two experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan during season 2013/14 and 2014/15. I each season a factorial experiment was conducted with three cotton varieties, two sowing dates and two spacings. The varieties were Senni, Brazili (LL) and Hamid local variety. The sowing dates were third week of June and July, whereas the spacings were 25 and 50 cm intra row. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The cultural practices were followed as recommended by the Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan. The insect pest was recorded either for their presence or their damage that inflicted on cotton plants. Cotton yield quality was recorded at harvest. Data were transformed as needed and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure. The cotton jassid infestation started to appear during September, increased to reach the peak during October, and then decreased during November and December in season 2013/14 and 2014/15.There were significant interaction effects between variety, sowing date and spacing on the infestation during the both seasons. The infestation was significantly higher on Hamid local verity (14.5 - 27.8%) compared with Senni 1 verity (11.3-23.2%) and Brazili verity (LL) (10-22%). The infestation was higher on early sown compared with late sown and higher on narrow spacing compared with wide spacing with no significant differences. There were significant interaction effects on the seed cotton weight at harvest. The highest seed cotton weight (1045.8 - 2411.8 kg/fed) was recorded by Senni 1 verity followed by Brazili verity (LL) (618.5- 2184.0 kg/fed) Hamid local verity (332.8 - 1728.4 kg/fed). The seed cotton weight was higher on early sown compared with late sown and higher on narrow spacing compared with wide spacing with no significant differences. The interaction between the cotton cultivar, sowing date and spacing has positive effect on the cotton whitefly control. Genetically modified cotton in addition of controlling bollworm through possessing toxic protein that kill bollworm larvae, it also controls other insect pests through keeping the natural enemies and spare them to do their role in insect control when the infestation is complex without insecticide use.