Title: The Okuama Tragedy: An Assessment of Civil-Military Relations in Nigeria (1999-2024)
Authors: INEBIRI E. DANIEL (Ph.D. Candidate) and Dr. AMANAWA, DAVID EBIEGBERI
Volume: 8
Issue: 9
Pages: 382-388
Publication Date: 2024/09/28
Abstract:
This study examines the intricate dynamics of civil-military relations in Nigeria from 1999 to 2024, marked by democratic governance and persistent tensions between civilian authorities and military institutions. Drawing on the Elite Theory, we investigate the interactions, rivalries, and collaborations between military elites and political leaders within the broader power structures. This framework allows us to analyze elite behavior's motivations, strategies, and consequences on civil-military relations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, combining secondary data collection and analysis from various sources, including government documents, military records, academic publications, media reports, and prior research studies, our findings reveal a complex interplay of cooperation and conflict between civilian authorities and military institutions. Key issues identified include the military's role in internal security, its influence in political affairs, and the frequent disputes over jurisdiction and authority. The study also highlights periods of reform and attempts at demilitarization, juxtaposed with instances of military intervention and autonomy. Our assessment concludes that despite progress in certain areas, civil-military relations in Nigeria remain fraught with challenges that threaten democratic stability. The interplay of historical legacies, power struggles, and elite interests continues to shape Nigeria's governance and security landscape. While there have been strides towards improving these relations, substantial work remains to achieve a balanced and stable civil-military dynamic. To address these issues, we recommend strengthening democratic institutions to reduce military influence in political affairs and enhancing civilian oversight of the military to ensure accountability and transparency.