Title: Substance Abuse Among Nigerian Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Ernest Ochuko OKPAKO PhD, Solomon Adekunle ODEDOKUN PhD
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 66-76
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
Substance abuse among adolescents in Nigeria is a growing public health concern with implications for mental health, academic performance and social development. Adolescence, defined as the period between 10 and 19 years of age, is marked by significant biological and psychosocial changes that make individuals particularly vulnerable to risk-taking behaviours, including drug use. This systematic review aims to examine the prevalence, types of substances abused, sources, motivations, associated risk factors and intervention strategies related to substance use among Nigerian adolescents. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journals Online. Studies included in the review reported primary data on psychoactive substance use among Nigerian adolescents aged 10-19 years. The PRISMA framework guided the selection of relevant studies while data were synthesised thematically. Fifteen (15) studies met the inclusion criteria. The lifetime prevalence of substance use among adolescents ranged from 9% to 61.8%, with cannabis, codeine-containing cough syrups, tramadol, diazepam and amphetamines being the most commonly abused substances. Peer influence, male gender, family instability, psychological distress and easy access to drugs through informal networks were identified as key risk factors. School-based prevention programmes, community initiatives and government-led anti-drug campaigns were among the interventions reported, although implementation and evaluation remain limited. bstance abuse among Nigerian adolescents is prevalent and influenced by a complex interaction of individual, familial and societal factors. Evidence-based, multi-sectoral approaches focusing on prevention, early intervention and stricter drug control policies are urgently needed to address this growing concern.