Title: A Fire-Alarm Detector and Suppression System's Design for Prevention and Control of Fire Outbreaks
Authors: Abdullahi Dahiru, Abdulrazaq Muhammad Ahmad, Huzaifa Ahmad Ibrahim, Haruna Isyaku, and Idris Sani Salisu
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 336-349
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
Fire Outbreak is a major concern at homes, offices, schools, hospitals, industries etc. It is dangerous and requires high security and control to avoid destruction of lives and property. Fire alarm is an electronic device that is stored in a building to detect the presence of fire accident. An automatic fire-alarm system is design to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. A lack of safety measure may result in material and financial losses, as well as loss of life. A preventive measure to avoid the risks involved in a fire outbreak is the installation of an automatic fire alarm detector in a building to automatically detect fire, alert the personnel with an audible sound to exit the building and sprinkle water to reduce the intensity of the fire hence the fire alarm and suppression system was designed and constructed. The system comprised of sub units which are power supply, photoelectric smoke sensor, audio alarm system, delay timer and suppression unit designed and coupled together to make up the complete fire alarm system. The sub units were designed using active and passive electronic components such as resistor, capacitor, LDR, LED, op-amp, water pump, 555 timer, transistor, buzzer etc. Components were interconnected to make up the final and completed fire alarm and suppression system. Testing was carried out on the whole system and it worked satisfactorily. It was observed that only dark smoke and high intensity smoke triggers the smoke sensor which is the limitation of the system as not all burning particles emit dark smoke. For further work on this system to enhance the versatility and adequate operation of the system it is recommended to use other types of smoke sensors as they more reliable and sensitive to any kind of smoke.