Title: Colorectal Carcinoma; Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentations, Histopathology and Staging in Tumor Therapy and Cancer Research Center (TTCRC), Shendi River Nile, Sudan, (Dec. 2010- Jan. 2022).
Authors: Ahamed Mahajoub Awad Ali ; Fadwa Ibrahim Abd Algader Mohamad, Israa Abdalsamed Ishag Hamid, Rahma Alshafea Hassan Osman and Hothyfa Omer AL jack Alsarraf ; Ahmed O. Ahmed Babiker and Aya Azhari Mohamed Hamid and Alaa Azhari Mohammed Hamid X, Azhari. Moha
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 59-72
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy in Sudan, affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, there is a lack of statistical data on the geographical and racial distribution of colonic tumors. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentations, histopathology, and staging of colorectal carcinoma in Shandi. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted, collecting data from patients attending the Tumor Therapy and Cancer Research Center (TTCRC). Patients visiting the colonoscopy unit were randomly selected and surveyed about their endoscopic findings, age, gender, family history of colorectal cancer, and tumor location. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: Endoscopic diagnosis was used for 108 participants, while 42 participants were diagnosed through surgical interventions. A percent of 25.3% of participants were under 40 years old. The majority were male (61.3%), while 38.7% were female. Most patients were in stage II (24.7%), followed by stage I (20.7%) and stage III (17.3%). The most common clinical presentations included abdominal pain (30.4%), rectal bleeding (27%), and changes in bowel habits (5.5%). The sigmoid colon was the most frequent tumor site (17.5%), and the majority of patients had Grade II adenocarcinoma. There was no significant association between age and stage of disease (P?0.557), age and tumor site (P?0.121), or histopathology (P?0.457) respectively. Similarly, there were no significant differences between gender and disease stage(P?0.562), tumor site(P?0.081), or histopathology (P?0.141respectively. No significant differences were found between the tumor site and stage (P?0.238), clinical presentation (P?0.297), or risk factors (P?0.125) respectively). Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concluded that the sigmoid colon is the most common site of colorectal cancer in the Sudanese population, especially among individuals aged 41-51 years. It also highlighted a notably high incidence of (CRC) in younger age groups. Further research is necessary to identify additional risk factors and develop more effective prevention strategies. Additionally, there is a need to establish Sudanese national protocol guidelines for (CRC) screening and early detection.