Title: Comparative Analysis of Access, Equity, and Quality in Education: A Study of India and Zambia
Authors: Dr. C. Maria Ugin Joseph
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 247-259
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
This comparative study examines India's and Zambia's education systems through the access, equity, and quality framework-three pillars central to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). Although both nations share colonial pasts, they are otherwise distinct in context concerning size, governance, and resources. India possesses one of the world's largest education systems serving over 250 million students in a federal system with wide linguistic and socio-economic diversity. Zambia has a smaller, more concentrated system with its own special challenges of resource adequacy, dependence on donors, and rural-urban inequalities. The research method employs a desk review strategy, combining government reports, international documents, and academic literature to allow systematic comparative analysis.