Title: Assessment of High Voltage Transformer Performance in Moisture-Prone Conditions: A Case Study of Amassoma, Niger Delta Region
Authors: Gabriel Ebiowei Moses, Bodise Lebrun Bolou-Sobai
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 443-451
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
This study investigates the impact of environmental moisture on the performance of high-voltage transformers in Amassoma, Southern Ijaw LGA, within the moisture-prone Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Five transformers were analyzed using Karl Fischer moisture testing, Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA), and Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) to assess insulation degradation caused by humidity and flooding. Results showed that transformers located at lower elevations (<8 m) had higher moisture levels (up to 67 ppm) and hydrogen gas concentrations exceeding 70 ppm, indicating partial discharge activity. FDS analysis confirmed persistent bound moisture within cellulose insulation, even after oil treatment. A strong correlation (r = 0.81) between flood duration and hydrogen gas generation highlighted the role of environmental moisture in accelerating dielectric stress and chemical deterioration. The study concludes that conventional oil dehydration maintenance is insufficient for flood-prone areas and recommends elevation-based installations, sealed-breathing insulation systems, and integrated condition monitoring (DGA, FDS, and humidity logging). These measures aim to enhance transformer reliability and inform climate-adaptive maintenance strategies for utilities in coastal Sub-Saharan Africa.