Title: Exploring Biblical Perspectives And Ethical Considerations On Polygyny Within Traditional African Cultural Contexts: A Theological Analysis
Authors: Ethothi, Ukpai Kanu, Rose Samuel Evong, Louisa Henry Williams
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 523-532
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
The theological and ethical tensions surrounding polygyny particularly within African cultural contexts have prompted extensive debate among scholars and theologians. While polygyny is historically rooted in African traditions and kinship systems, the Bible offers a prescriptive and transformative vision of marriage, grounded in the principle that "the two shall become one flesh." This biblical model, based on the themes of creation, covenant, and equality, stands in tension with polygynous structures that challenge the concept of marital unity. This study explores why the polygynous model is difficult to reconcile with the biblical understanding of marriage, using theological and ethical analysis alongside qualitative research methods. The methodology is primarily based on secondary sources, including scholarly works and published materials. The findings reveal that African cultural practices often justify polygyny through philosophical and traditional beliefs such as addressing infertility, preserving lineage through male heirs, securing a family name, or avoiding divorce. However, these cultural rationales are increasingly challenged by African Christians who affirm monogamy as the biblical ideal. The study highlights the dangers of superficial interpretations of Scripture that overlook context, theology, and ethics. It recommends that the church promote sound theological and ethical teaching on marriage and adopt a pastoral yet biblically faithful approach to addressing polygyny. Christian men committed to monogamy should model covenantal marriage within the community, serving as witnesses to a transformed understanding of Christian marriage Furthermore, the study calls for the protection of children's rights, ensuring that those affected by polygynous family structures are not neglected or marginalised. Ultimately, this research addresses a significant theological and ethical gap between polygynous and monogamous marriages in African Christianity and advocates for a biblical vision of marriage that transforms culture rather than conforms to it.