Title: Exploring the Extent of Challenges in Teaching Reading: Parental Support and Teacher-Related Factors
Authors: Randy P. Wagas, Carmelita C. Lipio, PhD
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 544-549
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
This study explored the extent of challenges educators encountered in teaching reading, explicitly focusing on the influence of parental support and teacher-related factors within the diverse educational environment of the Bayugan City Division, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. A descriptive-research design was employed, utilizing a validated and reliable survey questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70) to gauge teachers' perceptions of these challenges. Data were analyzed using Frequency Count, Percentage, and Weighted Mean. The findings revealed that both categories of challenges significantly compromise the effectiveness of reading instruction. Teacher-related challenges were experienced "to a great extent" (WM = 3.7), with the most critical barrier being the difficulty in managing pupils with diverse reading levels (WM = 4.56). Systemic issues, including a lack of time for individualized sessions and insufficient professional training, compound this challenge. Concurrently, parent-related challenges also heavily impact instruction "to a great extent" (WM = 4.16), primarily stemming from the significant deficit in home reinforcement, as many parents do not help with reading assignments (WM = 4.42). This absence of home support shifts the entire burden of literacy development onto the school. The study concludes that this confluence of systemic, instructional, and home support deficits severely hinders the effectiveness of reading instruction. Therefore, a dual approach to reform is urgently required. Recommendations include prioritizing institutional support through increased resource allocation and dedicated time for differentiated instruction, coupled with the immediate development of structured, mandatory programs for parent engagement to foster shared responsibility for student reading development.