Title: The Motivational Role of Extrinsic Incentives in Shaping Employees' Job Performance: A Case of Iringa Airport Tanzania.
Authors: Judith N Charles, Dr. Haji Ng`elenge
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 1-12
Publication Date: 2025/10/28
Abstract:
: This study examined the motivational role of extrinsic incentives in shaping employees' job performance at Iringa Airport, focusing on the availability and utilization of monetary, non-monetary, and symbolic incentives, as well as the incidence of organizational citizenship behaviors, including helping behavior, organizational compliance, and civic virtue. Using a qualitative approach with a sample of 59 participants, data were collected through interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that while extrinsic incentives were generally present at Iringa Airport, their effectiveness in enhancing performance largely depended on perceptions of fairness, consistency, and timely delivery. Monetary incentives such as bonuses, overtime pay, and salary increments were strong motivators when distributed equitably, though delayed payments and favoritism reduced their impact. Non-monetary incentives, including health insurance, housing support, and meal allowances, were moderately available but often hindered by inconsistency and lack of transparency, which limited their influence on satisfaction and retention. Symbolic and recognition incentives, such as appreciation awards and promotions, were particularly powerful when offered fairly and frequently, fostering pride and commitment among employees. Furthermore, high levels of organizational citizenship behaviors were observed, indicating that extrinsic incentives indirectly strengthened teamwork, compliance, and civic engagement. The study concludes that extrinsic incentives significantly contribute to employee motivation and performance; however, their full potential can only be realized through transparent, fair, and well-structured incentive systems aligned with employees' expectations and organizational objectives.