Title: Estimation and Comparison of Organ-Specific and Effective Radiation Doses in Diagnostic Imaging Procedures
Authors: Shafiu Mannir Kangiwa, Ibrahim Musa Mijinyawa, Hadiza Ahmad Bindawa
Volume: 9
Issue: 11
Pages: 18-22
Publication Date: 2025/11/28
Abstract:
Exposure to radiation beyond the normal background rate can lead to various severe and long-term health challenges, with the severity depending heavily on the amount of dose received, the dose rate, and individual sensitivity. This study evaluated organ-specific and effective radiation doses among patients undergoing diagnostic imaging at Garkuwa Specialist Hospital, Kaduna, with supporting data from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika and Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Using Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs) and Monte Carlo-based PCXMC software, effective doses were estimated for eight anatomical regions during fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT) examinations. Results revealed that fluoroscopy delivered effective doses ranging from 0.25 mSv to 0.60 mSv, whereas CT scans imparted significantly higher doses of 3.00 mSv to 13.60 mSv. The pelvis, thorax, and spine exhibited the highest dose levels due to greater tissue density and thickness. The findings highlight the need for dose optimization, adherence to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, and informed clinical justification when selecting imaging modalities. The study concludes that CT examinations impart up to thirty-two times more radiation than comparable fluoroscopic procedures. It recommends restricting CT use to cases where its superior diagnostic value is indispensable, regularly reviewing imaging protocols, and incorporating patient-specific factors such as age, body mass index, and organ sensitivity into future dose assessments to enhance patient safety and optimize diagnostic quality.