Title: Castles And Forts In Oman: An Analytical Study In Planning And Architectural Thought
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish
Volume: 9
Issue: 11
Pages: 51-76
Publication Date: 2025/11/28
Abstract:
Many defensive structures arose in Oman from ancient times to protect against enemy raids. Natural, social, political, and historical conditions were the strongest driving forces in shaping the general features and characteristics of these structures. From this perspective, castles and forts in Oman played a major role in the history of eastern Arabia. Omanis built forts, castles, government buildings, fortified palaces, walls, towers, and more. What remains of these structures a stand proudly as a testament to the sophistication and advancement of the Omanis in this field? Therefore, the defensive theory behind the construction of castles and forts was based on a cultural heritage that shaped the architectural identity and planning of defensive buildings. It clearly expressed the artistic spirit of Omani architecture, which became evident in the design and construction of these structures. Consequently, castles, forts, towers, and walls played a fundamental role in the stability of Oman and in providing it with security. The architectural thought evident in Omani castles and forts reflects the interaction of Omanis with their natural, social, and political environment, integrating the requirements of defense, governance, livelihood, and art. This research aims to analyze the intellectual and architectural principles that shaped this style. The study of architectural thought employs an architectural-cultural analysis approach, concluding that Omani castles are not merely defensive structures but rather integrated intellectual systems that express Oman's historical identity. Furthermore, Omani castles and forts constitute one of the most prominent cultural manifestations embodying the interaction between local architectural thought and natural and political conditions. Hundreds of castles emerged, scattered throughout the various Omani governorates, serving as centers of governance, defense, and administration, as well as hubs of cultural and social influence. This research presents an analytical study of Omani castles and forts, focusing on their architectural thought and planning, through three main axes: planning patterns, including both regular and irregular styles of castles and forts; the components of architectural thought; and the features of architectural planning.