Title: A Review On Per- And Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances: Source Apportionment And Proposed Biodegradation Pathways
Authors: Ampaire Wycliffe , Twinomuhwezi Hannington, Kerebba Nasifu, Wanasolo William
Volume: 9
Issue: 11
Pages: 155-166
Publication Date: 2025/11/28
Abstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants widely used in industrial and consumer products due to their resistance to heat, water, and oil. Their environmental persistence and potential health risks have raised global concern, particularly in developing countries like Uganda. This review explores the sources, emission pathways, and biodegradation mechanisms of PFAS, with emphasis on microbial and enzymatic degradation. It discusses aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, with case studies involving fungi like Phanerochaete chrysosporium and bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. Recent advances in source apportionment techniques, including high-resolution mass spectrometry and isotopic analysis, are also highlighted. Despite emerging remediation strategies, challenges remain in achieving complete PFAS mineralization. The study recommends further research on microbial consortia, transformation product toxicity, and regulatory frameworks to support sustainable bioremediation solutions.