Title: Development of a Learning Material for Intermediate Struggling Readers
Authors: Kari Danel V. Agustin, Jenny Mae C. Tamayo (main researchers), Jomel B. Manuel (co-researcher)
Volume: 9
Issue: 12
Pages: 71-79
Publication Date: 2025/12/28
Abstract:
Reading is a fundamental skill that underpins success in both education and life. In the Philippine context, however, despite numerous literacy initiatives, many students still fall short of expected reading standards. This study seeks to address this gap by developing a learning material designed to support intermediate struggling readers. Employing a descriptive-developmental research design, it examined the respondents' levels of word recognition and reading comprehension, as well as the validity of the proposed learning material. The study involved two groups of participants: (1) Grade IV pupils and (2) content expert validators. Diagnostic assessments revealed that while most pupils performed satisfactorily in word recognition and reading comprehension, sixteen students continued to experience difficulties in both areas. This finding served as the basis for designing an English workbook using the Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Validation results showed that the workbook met the criteria of content, format, presentation and organization, accuracy, and currency of information. Thus, the developed workbook is recommended for pilot testing at the intermediate level and for undergoing further quality assurance procedures.