Title: Basic Framework And Importance Of Learning Theory Studies
Authors: Vivin Indah Rini, Nurul Umamah
Volume: 9
Issue: 12
Pages: 55-65
Publication Date: 2025/12/28
Abstract:
Abstract: This study discusses the basic framework and urgency of learning theory as a scientific basis in educational practice. The learning process is understood as a complex phenomenon involving cognitive, emotional, social, and environmental aspects, thus requiring a roadmap in the form of learning theory and frameworks. Without this understanding, educational practice can become directionless and ineffective. This paper comprehensively examines three main paradigms of learning theory: Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism. For each theory, it outlines the philosophical foundations, basic principles, key figures, applications in educational settings, and criticisms directed at it. Behaviorism, with its focus on observable behavior and environmental influences, has bequeathed techniques such as programmed instruction and behavior modification. Cognitivism, which emerged as a reaction to the limitations of behaviorism, shifts the focus to internal mental processes such as information processing, memory, and metacognition. Meanwhile, Constructivism emphasizes that learners actively construct their own knowledge through experience and social interaction. This study concludes that while no single theory is perfect, a deep understanding and thoughtful integration of these three perspectives enables educators to design learning experiences that are more structured, relevant, adaptive, and meaningful. Mastery of learning theory frameworks is a fundamental competency for educators to create learning environments that not only transfer information but also transform the way students think and solve problems in the 21st century.